Visconti Sforza Tarot Decks
 
             
            
    
    
        One of the 
    oldest set of decks from 15th century from Italy that at least partly 
    exists today. Three most famous decks from the set are named after their former owners. The other two 
    names are 
    Visconti di Modrone pack (around 1441) and the Brambilla Tarocchi (around 1444). 
    The Visconti Sforza deck was originally commissioned by Filippo Maria Visconti, 
    Duke of Milan and later by his successor Francesco Sforza. The production of 
    this deck has long been attributed to Milanese court painter Bonifacio Bembo but 
    lately Francesco Zavattari has also become a "suspect". The deck is 
    decorated with precious metals and contains 22 
    Trump cards plus 56 standard playing cards. When this deck was 
    commissioned its purpose was to be a luxurious deck of playing cards, 
    Trionfirionfi (Trumps). Many hand painted decks produced in that time didn't 
    survive but Visconti Sforza decks as a true piece of art are saved in museums or 
    in the hands of passionate collectors. The cards in the deck portayed the life 
    of nobility in Milan at that time in addition to portaits of Visconti and Sforza 
    family members but nevertheless its imagery set the standards for the later Tarot 
    decks. It is noteworthy to say that according to the librarian Moakley; 
    Petrarch's "Triumphs" poem is a major influence behind the art in this deck.
         Today, we don't have one particular Visconti Sforza tarot deck but the 
        set of about 15 that are in more or less preserved state. No deck has 
        survived complete. Three most preserved collections are Pierpont-Morgan 
        Bergamo, Cary-Yale and Brera-Brambilla.
    
        - Cary-Yale (between 1442 and 1447), stored into Yale 
            University Library, given by Cary family it is also known as the s the Visconti di 
            Modrone set, 67 cards have survived. Some scholars speculate that this the 
            oldest deck. commissioned by Filippo Maria Visconti himself.
- Brera-Brambilla (1463), named after Giovanni Brambilla, 
            the former owner of the deck., today in Brera Gallery in Milan. Probably 
            produced by the Italian painter and miniaturist of the early-Renaissance period 
            Bonifacio Bembo for Francesco Sforza. 48 cards with only two trumps survived.

Queen of Swords (Pierpont-Morgan Bergamo)